Gastric cancer remains a major global health burden, particularly in developing regions, where late diagnosis and limited access to targeted therapy contribute to high mortality. Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in modulating cancer progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Among the myriad components of the TME, immune cells such as mast cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are increasingly recognized for their dualistic and context-dependent roles.
Mast cells, traditionally associated with allergic responses, are now implicated in tumorigenesis through their capacity to remodel the extracellular matrix, induce angiogenesis, and modulate immune responses. On the other hand, CD8+ T lymphocytes represent a pivotal arm of anti-tumor immunity. Their infiltration into the tumor milieu is often associated with favorable prognosis, given their ability to recognize and lyse malignant cells.
The crosstalk between mast cells and CD8+ lymphocytes within the gastric tumor microenvironment remains poorly elucidated. Limited tissue-based studies have explored their spatial distribution, relative densities, and potential interactions. Unraveling these dynamics may help identify immune signatures that can predict tumor behavior and guide future immunotherapeutic strategies.

Aim of the Study
To evaluate the density, distribution, and potential interactions between mast cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment of gastric adenocarcinoma using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, in order to explore their possible role in tumor progression and local immune modulation.